'Less active than similar stars': Solar monotony is good news

The sun appears to be a "boring" personality, according to scientists. But that may not be a bad thing for us Earthlings.

Researchers said on Thursday that the sun has been far less active than similar stars in terms of brightness variations caused by sunspots and other phenomena.

The sun - essentially a hot ball of hydrogen and helium - is an average-sized star that formed more than 4.5 billion years ago and is roughly halfway through its lifespan. Its diameter is about 864,000 miles (1.4 million km). Its surface temperature is about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit (5,500 degrees Celsius).

An examination of 369 stars similar to the sun in surface temperatures, size and rotation period - it takes the sun about 24-1/2 days to rotate once on its axis - showed that they displayed on average five times more brightness variability than the sun.

"This variability is caused by dark spots on the surface of the star rotating in and out of view. A direct measure of solar activity is the number of sunspots on the surface," an astronomer said.

Elevated magnetic activity associated with sunspots can lead to solar flares, coronal mass ejections - large expulsions of plasma and magnetic field from the outermost part of the sun`s atmosphere - and other electromagnetic phenomena that can affect Earth, for example disrupting satellites and communications and endangering astronauts.

A much more active sun might have also affected Earth on geological time scales - paleoclimatology. The monotony, hence, is good news!

The researchers compared data on the similar stars to historical records of the sun's activity. These records included about 400 years of observational data on sunspots and about 9,000 years of data based on chemical element variants in tree rings and ice cores caused by solar activity. These records indicated the sun has not been much more active than it is now.

The findings, however, do not rule out that the sun may be in a quiet phase and may become more variable in the future.

(with inputs from Reuters)