Biggest blunder in banking history: Citibank can't get back $500 million it accidentally wired to ten companies, says US judge

A federal judge on Tuesday said Citigroup Inc is not entitled to half a billion dollars of its own money that it mistakenly wired in what he called "a banking error of perhaps unprecedented nature and magnitude."

U.S. District Judge Jesse Furman in Manhattan said August 11, 2020, wire transfers to lenders of cosmetics maker Revlon Inc at issue were "final and complete transactions, not subject to revocation."

A spokeswoman for Citigroup said the bank strongly disagrees with this decision and intends to appeal.

"We believe we are entitled to the funds and will continue to pursue a complete recovery of them," the bank said.

The case stemmed from an incident where Citigroup, acting as Revlon`s loan agent, wired $893 million to Revlon`s lenders, appearing to pay off a loan not due until 2023.

Citigroup had intended to send a $7.8 million interest payment and blamed human error for the gaffe.

Some lenders returned the money they were sent, but 10 asset managers including Brigade Capital Management, HPS Investment Partners and Symphony Asset Management refused, prompting Citigroup`s lawsuit to recoup the estimated $501 million they received.

Citigroup had argued that the lenders should return the money because they knew or should have known it made a mistake and that Revlon could not afford the payment.

But in a 101-page decision, following a six-day trial in December, Furman noted that the transfers matched "to the penny" what the lenders were owed, and said it appeared there had never been a mistake of this size before.

"The non-returning lenders believed, and were justified in believing, that the payments were intentional," Furman wrote. "To believe otherwise - to believe that Citibank, one of the most sophisticated financial institutions in the world, had made a mistake that had never happened before, to the tune of nearly $1 billion - would have been borderline irrational."

Lawyers for both parties did not immediately respond to requests for comment.

Administrative agents typically distribute interest payments and perform back-office services for clients such as Revlon.

Industry groups have said a ruling against Citigroup could expose banks to excessive liability risks.